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Objective To analyze differences in gene expression profile of pituitary tissue in cervical spondylosis of vertebral artery type(CSA)model rats and explore the mechanism of adrenal gland's regulation of CSA.Methods Ten SPF male Wistar rats were randomly divided into model group and blank group.The CSA model was established by compound modeling method.The total RNA was extracted from the pituitary;the gene expression profile was detected by whole gene chip,ontology(GO),and signal pathway analysis.Results Compared with the normal group,the differential genes'expression profile analysis showed that the total number of the differential genes was 321(fold change︱ ＞ 2,P＜0.05),with 203 up-regulated genes and 118 down-regulated genes.A total of 1 294 genes rich in GO function were involved in the regulation of intercellular signal activity and nerve cell function;the stress response to external stimuli;and the regulation of coagulation function,angiogenesis, endometrial system,and cell cycle;There were 145 signal transducers,including adipocytokine signaling pathway, TGF-β signal transduction,AMPK signaling pathway,PPAR signal pathway,Wnt signaling pathway,and MAPK signal transduction pathway.Conclusion The pituitary regulates CSA mainly through the inflammatory stimulation,immune regulation,regulation of vertebral artery function,and endometrial system.
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In this study, the three dimensional(3D)organoid culture system was established by liquid overlay method, and applied as an effective model to evaluate the hepatic injury of susceptible compounds in Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. Compared with the ordinary two dimensional(2D)culture of liver cells, the albumin expression of L02 cells and HepG2 cells were increased by 2.5 and 6.7 times in the 3D organoid culture system, respectively. After the cultivation of 21 days, urea generation levels of 3D culture were increased by 8.3 and 15.5 times. More importantly, HepG2 cells were more suitable to development of organoids than L02 cells. The gene expressions of phase I and II drug metabolism enzymes of HepG2 cells cultured as 3D organoids were significantly increased than that in 2D culture, such as the fold changes of CYP2C9 was up to 381.9, CYP3A4 to 87.0, CYP2D6 to 312.6. In addition, drug transporter relative genes were also up-regulated. The results demonstrated that the liver synthesis and metabolic function of the 3D model were better than that of the 2D cultured hepatocytes. The results of hepatotoxicity evaluation showed this developed model can be used to assess the hepatotoxicity of acetaminophen and other positive control drugs, which were considered with defined hepatotoxicity. On the 3D culture model, the IC50 value of repeated drug dose administration was significantly lower than that of single dose administration. However, the IC50 of 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxy-cis-stilbene-2-O-β-glucoside(cis-SG), which is the susceptible compound in Polygonum multiflorum Thunb., could not be detected in 2D cultured model. With the treatment of a single dose administration in organ 3D culture model, the IC50 of cis-SG was 1.9 times than that of cyclosporine A, and the IC50 of 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxy-trans-stilbene-2-O-β-glucoside(trans-SG)was 4.1 times than cis-SG. The hepatotoxicity results of cis-SG and trans-SG on the 3D cultures were similar to in vivo toxicity results obtained in previous work. On organ 3D culture model, the IC50 of cis-SG with repeat of administration decreased compared with that with single dose administration, suggesting that long-term medication may increase the risk of liver injury. In summary, the 3D organoid culture system can be used for a long period to preserve the capacity of liver synthesis and metabolism. The organoids were a model suitable for evaluation of mechanism of the drugs with low toxicity.
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<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The nocturnal nondipping and elevated morning blood pressure (BP) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) have not yet been well investigated in Chinese patients. This study aimed to describe the BP profile, and to elucidate the relationships between daytime BP and nighttime BP, and between evening BP and morning BP in patients with OSAS.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty teaching hospital sleep centers in China were organized by the Chinese Medical Association to participate in this study and 2297 patients were recruited between January 2004 and April 2006. BP assessments were made at four time points (daytime, evening, nighttime and morning) and polysomnography (PSG) was performed and subjects were classified into four groups by their apnea-hypopnea index (AHI): control, n = 213 with AHI < 5; mild, n = 420 with AHI ≥ 5 and < 15; moderate, n = 460 with AHI ≥ 15 and < 30; and severe, n = 1204 with AHI ≥ 30. SPSS 11.5 software package was used for statistical analysis and figure drawing.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the average daytime, nighttime, evening and morning BPs were positively correlated with AHI and negatively correlated with nadir nocturnal oxygen saturation. The ratios of nighttime/daytime and morning/evening average BP were positively correlated with AHI. The ratio of nighttime/daytime systolic BP became a "reversed BP dipping" pattern until the classification reached severe, while the ratio of nighttime/daytime diastolic BP became reversed at moderate. Similarly, the ratio of morning/evening diastolic BP becomes reversed even at mild.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>OSAS may result in higher BP levels at all four time points. The ratios of nighttime/daytime and morning/evening BP increase with increased AHI. The increasing of diastolic BP, which is inclined to rise more quickly, is not parallel with increasing systolic BP.</p>
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Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Anthropometry , Blood Pressure , Physiology , Hypertension , Sleep Apnea, ObstructiveABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Epidemiologic studies have shown an independent and definite association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and hypertension. This study aimed to define the association between daytime blood pressure and severity of OSA in Chinese population in mainland of China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty university hospital sleep centers in mainland of China were invited by the Chinese Medical Association (CMA) to participate in this epidemiologic study and 2297 consecutive patients (aged 18 - 85 years; 1981 males and 316 females) referred to these twenty sleep centers for evaluation of OSA between January 2004 and April 2006 were prospectively enrolled. Nocturnal polysomnography was performed in each patient, and disease severity was assessed based on the apneahypopnea index (AHI). These patients were classfied into four groups: nonapneic control (control, n = 257) with AHI < or = 5 episodes/hour; mild sleep apnea (mild, n = 402) with AHI > 5 and < or = 15 episodes/hour; moderate sleep apnea (moderate, n = 460) with AHI > 15 and < or = 30 episodes/hour and severe sleep apnea (severe, n = 1178) with AHI > 30 episodes/hour. Daytime blood pressure measurements were performed under standardized conditions in each patient at 10 a.m. in office on the day of referring to sleep centers for getting average value. All the patients were requested to quit medications related to blood pressure for three days before the day of assessing.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Both daytime systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure values were significantly related to AHI positively (r = 0.201 and 0.276, respectively; both P values < 0.001) and to nadir nocturnal oxygen saturation negatively (r = -0.215 and -0.277, respectively; both P values < 0.001), which were the parameters of OSA severity. In two special designed mean plots, means of daytime systolic and diastolic blood pressure increased gradually with increasing AHI. Beyond AHI of 61 - 65, this increasing trend reached a plateau.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The results showed that OSA severity was associated with daytime blood pressure until AHI of 61 - 65, providing evidence for early OSA management, especially in OSA patients with concomitant hypertension.</p>
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Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Blood Pressure , Physiology , China , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive , PathologyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the prevalence of snoring and obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) and its high risk factors in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January 2003 to March 2005, a total number of 11,163 persons aged > or =14 years Zhuang minority living in Guangxi (from Guinan, Guizhong and Guibei) were surveyed. Questionnaire was administered to draw information. Polysomnography(PSG) and in-home polygraphy were performed on participants being studied and who had reported snoring.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among all the surveyed people, 2940reported snoring with a prevalence of 27.3%. 448 (320 males and 128 females) people reported OSAHS with prevalence as 4.3% (5.9% in males and 2.5% in females). From 14 to 60 year olds, the prevalence of snoring and OSAHS increased with age. Among those above 60 years of age, both the prevalencerates ofsnoring and OSAHS werereduced with age. Among all the study population, 260 (21.6%) had habitual OSAHS a nd 188 (10.8%) hadoccasional OSAHS. The high risk factors of OSAHS were: position during sleep, disease of nose, drinking alcohol, smoking, gender, body mass index (BMI) and age.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The prevalence rates of snoring and OSAHS were 27.3% and 4.3% respectively. From 14 to 60 years of age, the prevalence rates of snoring and OSAHS were increasing with age while from 60 years of age on, the prevalence of snoring and OSAHS reduced with age. The prevalence rates of snoring and OSAHS in males were higher than females. The high risk factors of OSAHS were position during sleep,disease of nose, drinking, smoking,gender, BMI and age.</p>
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Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , China , Epidemiology , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive , Epidemiology , Snoring , EpidemiologyABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the occurrence of sleep snoring and relative morbidities in preschool and early school children aged 3 to 14 years old in Nanning city.Methods A population-based cross-sectional study of children aged form 3 to 14 years old was conducted,12 kindergartens,8 prime schools and 6 junior high schools were randomly selected and information was collected using a parent-completed questionnaire to ascertain snoring or habitual snoring and correlated symptom.The response rate was 90.6%,8 150 of 9 000 questionnaire were fully completed and 6 999 questionnaires were available.Results The prevalence of snoring in preschool and school children were reported in 32.7%,the incidence rate of sleep snoring in boys was 44.22%,which was higher than that in girls(28.58%)(P
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220.6 ?mol/L in serums.Conclusions TORCH infection is common in infantile hepatitis in hospital.The infection rates caused by CMV are higher than those caused by HSV,TOX,RV and the rate caused by TOX is lower than others,and then the injury of liver caused by CMV is more severe than others.Neonates less than 7 days always have more organs injuried than the elders.
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Objective To structure the model of acute carbon monoxid poisoning(ACOP)in rats. Evaluate the effectiveness of the poisoning on the pulmonary function and the significance of carbon monoxide hemoglobin(HbCO)and oxygenation index in diagnosis of acute lung injury(ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS).Method Eighty healthy adult male Wistar rats were randomized into 4 groups.According to the concentration of CO,poisoning group was randomized into three groups(each group=20),group A,group B,group C.After poisoned,arterial blood was collected rapidly for arterial blood gas analysis.According to the pathological changes,the models were divided into ALI/ARDS group and non-ALI/ARDS group.Results Compared with control group,the incident rate of ALI/ARDS in group B(25%)and group C(55%)were significantly higher(P
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of curcumin (Cur) and erythromycin (EM) on multidrug resistance (MDR) reversal of K562/A02 cell line and their mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>MTT assay was employed to determine the sensitivity of Cur, EM-treated K562/A02 cells to adriamycin (ADM). Flow cytometry was used to measure intracellular mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of daunorubicin (DNR). P-gp expression was determined by immunohistochemistry. RT-PCR technique was used to examine the mdr1 mRNA level.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>IC(50) of ADM in K562/A02 cells was decreased when treated with Cur or EM, and the reversal times (RvT) was 4.9, 3.7 respectively. The RvT reached to 11.3 when treated with Cur (2.5 microg/ml) combined with EM (120 microg/ml). The DNR MFI in K562/A02 cells was significantly lower than that in K562 cells (P < 0.01), and was increased significantly when treated with Cur (2.5 microg/ml) or EM (120 microg/ml) (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between DNR MFI of K562/A02 cells treated with Cur (2.5 microg/ml) or EM (120 microg/ml). Immunohistochemistry showed that P-gp expression was significantly higher in K562/A02 cells than in K562 cells (P < 0.01), and was reduced in K562/A02 cells treated with each (P < 0.01), though being still higher than that in K562 cells (P < 0.01). P-gp expression of K562/A02 cells treated with each drug for 5 days were lower than that for 3 days (P < 0.01), and lowered further when treated with Cur and EM together (P < 0.01). Mdr1 mRNA level in K562/A02 cells was higher than in K562 cells (P < 0.01), and was decreased when treated with each of the drugs (P < 0.01). The mdr1 mRNA level of K562/A02 cells treated with Cur (2.5 microg/ml) plus EM (120 microg/ml) was decreased most significantly than that treated with other group of drugs. After 5 day treatment the mdr1 mRNA level of K562/A02 cells with Cur (2.5 microg/ml) was lower than that with EM 120 microg/ml (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Either Cur or EM can partly reverse the multidrug resistance of K562/A02 cells and decrease the expression and function of P-gp in a time-dependent way. MDR reversing effect of Cur combined with EM is stronger than that of Cur or EM alone.</p>
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Humans , ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1 , Genetics , Metabolism , Antineoplastic Agents , Pharmacology , Cell Proliferation , Cell Survival , Curcumin , Pharmacology , Drug Resistance, Multiple , Drug Resistance, Neoplasm , Drug Synergism , Epirubicin , Pharmacology , Erythromycin , Pharmacology , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Immunohistochemistry , K562 Cells , Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute , Genetics , Metabolism , Pathology , RNA, Messenger , Genetics , Metabolism , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Time FactorsABSTRACT
<p><b>AIM</b>To investigate the influence of living high-training low for 4 weeks on serum CK, LDH and ALT of rowing athletes.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>20 rowing athletes were divided into two groups: the one (ten subjects) spent 8-10 h per night in a tabernacle which was simulated altitude of 2 500 m in normobaric hypoxia (HiLo group), the another (ten subjects) slept at near sea level (control group). During the periods of test, all athletes were trained at the same relative or at the same intensity of work in normoxia state. The serum CK, LDH and ALT were measured at before, during 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 2 weeks after "living high and training low".</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Baseline serum values for CK, LDH and ALT were not different between two groups (P > 0.05). The levels of CK, LDH of HiLo group were significantly increased (P < 0.05) than those of control group at 3 rd week, however, it was contrary at 5th and 7th week. After exercise of 2 km and 5 km, the values of LDH and CK at a moment notice and 30min postexercise test in HiLo group were significant lower than those in control group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>These results indicate that living high-training low may reduce the muscle damage associated with endurance exercise.</p>